Web Survey Bibliography
Many companies are faced with the question whether administering surveys to their employees via Internet technologies will lead to different results than surveying them with paper and pencil, just because of the technologies or the psychological aspects of using the technologies. In a 2x2x2x2 factorial (quasi-)experimental design it was investigated whether anonymity, voluntariness, age, and administration mode (Internet versus paper-and-pencil) would influence answering behavior in a newly designed short-format employee survey. Employees in one complete section of a large Swiss company (N=655) were randomly assigned to conditions and invited to participate in the survey. Overall, 318 employees responded, with lower return rates for anonymous and for voluntary conditions: anonymous & voluntary 31% return vs. less anonymous & less voluntary 58% return, with other conditions in-between. There was also a tendency for differences in dropout. Voluntariness had a significant effect on response times, a dependent measure that could be applied in the Internet condition only. Age and anonymity were shown to have significant influence on the expression of job satisfaction; voluntariness and administration mode showed tendencies to moderate these influences. Effects of anonymity were shown to be stronger for participants who chose to reveal even less information about themselves by leaving questions with identifying content unanswered. Results will be discussed in terms of the strategic aspect of the Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE). Methods and applications used in developing and administering the employee survey and in analyzing the data will be presented. Recommendations will be made regarding the increase of response rates, the avoidance of social desirability in survey answering behavior, and the organization of Internet-based employee surveys.
Das Internet kann für Mitarbeiterbefragungen eingesetzt werden, aber in vielen Unternehmen stellt sich die Frage, ob sein Einsatz einfach aufgrund dieser neuen Technologie oder der psychologischen Aspekte im Umgang mit der Technologie zu anderen Ergebnissen führen kann. In einem 2x2x2x2 faktoriellen (quasi-)experimentellen Design wurde untersucht, ob Anonymität, Freiwilligkeit, Alter, und Befragungsmodus (Internet-gestützt versus Papier-und-Bleistift) das Antwortverhalten in einer neu entwickelten kurzformatigen Mitarbeiterbefragung beeinflussen würde. Alle Mitarbeiter einer Arbeitseinheit (N=655) eines grossen Schweizer Unternehmens wurden zufällig den Versuchsbedingungen zugeteilt und zur Teilnahme an der Befragung eingeladen. Im Ganzen antworteten 318 Beschäftigte, es zeigten sich geringere Response-Raten in den anonymen und freiwilligen Bedingungen: anonym & freiwillig 31% Response vs. wenig anonym & eingeschränkt freiwillig 58% Response, die anderen Versuchsbedingungen lagen dazwischen. Es zeigte sich auch eine Tendenz zu unterschiedlichem Teilnahmeabbruch. Freiwilligkeit hatte einen signifikanten Effekt auf die Antwortzeiten, einem abhängigen Mass, das nur in der Internet-Bedingung erhoben werden konnte. Die Befragungsergebnisse zeigen Effekte von Anonymität und Alter auf Arbeitszufriedenheitsäusserungen, die tendenziell durch Freiwilligkeit und Befragungsmodus moderiert wurden. Einflüsse der Anonymität erwiesen sich stärker bei Teilnehmern, die noch weniger Informationen über sich preisgaben, idem sie Fragen mit identifizierendem Inhalt unbeantwortet liessen. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf das Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) diskutiert. Methoden und Anwendungen, die in der Entwicklung und Durchführung der Mitarbeiterbefragung und bei der Datenanalyse benutzt wurden, werden vorgestellt. Es werden Empfehlungen zur Erhöhung der Response-Raten, der Vermeidung von sozial erwünschtem Antwortverhalten und zur Durchführung von Internet-basierten Mitarbeiterbefragungen gemacht.
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Web survey bibliography (439)
- Answering Without Reading: IMCs and Strong Satisficing in Online Surveys; 2017; Anduiza, E.; Galais, C.
- Ideal and maximum length for a web survey; 2017; Revilla, M.; Ochoa, C.
- Web Survey Gamification - Increasing Data Quality in Web Surveys by Using Game Design Elements; 2017; Schacht, S.; Keusch, F.; Bergmann, N.; Morana, S.
- Effects of sampling procedure on data quality in a web survey; 2017; Rimac, I.; Ogresta, J.
- Comparability of web and telephone surveys for the measurement of subjective well-being; 2017; Sarracino, F.; Riillo, C. F. A.; Mikucka, M.
- Fieldwork monitoring and managing with time-related paradata; 2017; Vandenplas, C.
- Interviewer Gender and Survey Responses: The Effects of Humanizing Cues Variations; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Krzewinska, A.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.
- Millennials and emojis in Spain and Mexico.; 2017; Bosch Jover, O.; Revilla, M.
- Nonresponses as context-sensitive response behaviour of participants in online-surveys and their relevance...; 2017; Wetzlehuetter, D.
- Humanizing Cues in Internet Surveys: Investigating Respondent Cognitive Processes; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.; Krzewinska, A.
- Pushing to web in the ISSP; 2017; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Dofradottir, A. G.; Einarsson, H. B.
- Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners’ Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based...; 2017; Sebo, P.; Maisonneuve, H.; Cerutti, B.; Pascal Fournier, J.; Haller, D. M.
- Oversampling as a methodological strategy for the study of self-reported health among lesbian, gay and...; 2017; Anderssen, N.; Malterud, K.
- Utjecaj vizualne orientacije skale za odgovaranje i broja stranica web-upitnika na rezultate ispitivanja...; 2017; Malikovic, M.; Svegar, D.; Somodzi, S.
- How to Design a Web Survey Using Spring Boot With MYSQL: a Romanien Network Case Study; 2017; Bucea-Manea-Tonis, Ro.; Bucea-Manea-Tonis, Ra.
- Analyzing Survey Characteristics, Participation, and Evaluation Across 186 Surveys in an Online Opt-...; 2017; Revilla, M.
- Comparative analysis of a mobile device and paper as effective survey tools; 2017; Kim, K. J.; Bae, S.; Park, E.
- Enhancing survey participation: Facebook advertisements for recruitment in educational research; 2017; Forgasz, H.; Tan, H.; Leder, G.; McLeod, A.
- Virtual reality meets sensory research; 2017; Depoortere, L.
- PC, phone or tablet? Use, preference and completion rates for web surveys ; 2017; Brosnan, K.; Gruen, B.; Dolnicar, S.
- “Better do not touch” and other superstitions concerning melanoma: the cross-sectional web...; 2016; Gajda, M.; Kamiñska-Winciorek, G.; Wydmañski, J.; Tukiendorf, A.
- Making use of Internet interactivity to propose a dynamic presentation of web questionnaires; 2016; Revilla, M.; Ochoa, C.; Turbina, A.
- A streamlined approach to online linguistic surveys; 2016; Erlewine, M. Y.; Kotek, H.
- Du kommst hier nicht rein: Türsteherfragen identifizieren nachlässige Teilnehmer in Online-Umfragen; 2016; Merkle, B.; Kaczmirek, L.; Hellwig, O.
- Smartphones vs PCs: Does the Device Affect the Web Survey Experience and the Measurement Error for...; 2016; Toninelli, D.; Revilla, M.
- Estimation and Adjustment of Self-Selection Bias in Volunteer Panel Web Surveys ; 2016; Niu, Ch.
- Sensitive Questions in Online Surveys: An Experimental Evaluation of Different Implementations of the...; 2016; Hoglinger, M.; Jann, B.; Diekmann, A.
- Design and test of a web-survey for collecting observer’s ratings on dairy goats’ behavioural...; 2016; Vieira, A.; Oliveira, M. D.; Nunes, T.; Stilwell, G.
- Can Student Populations in Developing Countries Be Reached by Online Surveys? The Case of the National...; 2016; Langer, A., Meuleman, B., Oshodi, A.-G. T., Schroyens, M.
- Feature phones no barrier to conducting an effective conjoint study ; 2016; de Rooij, R.; Dossin, R.
- Patient preference: a comparison of electronic patient-completed questionnaires with paper among cancer...; 2016; Martin, P.; Brown, M.C.; Espin‐Garcia, O.; Cuffe, S.; Pringle, D.; Mahler, M.; Villeneuve, J.;...
- Does the Use of Smartphones to Participate in Web Surveys Affect the Survey Experience when Sensitive...; 2016; Toninelli, D.; Revilla, M.
- Device use in web surveys: The effect of differential incentives; 2016; Mavletova, A. M.; Couper, M. P.
- Device Effects - How different screen sizes affect answers in online surveys; 2016; Fisher, B.; Bernet, F.
- Do Initial Respondents Differ From Callback Respondents? Lessons From a Mobile CATI Survey; 2016; Vicente, P.; Marques, C.
- The use of online social networks as a promotional tool for self-administered internet surveys; 2016; de Rada, V. D.; Arino, L. V. C; Blasco, M. G
- Assessing the Effects and Effectiveness of Attention-check Questions in Web Surveys: Evidence From a...; 2016; Vannette, D.
- Mode Effects on Subjective Well-being Research: Do they Affect Regression Coefficients? ; 2016; Sanchez Tome, R.; Roberts, C.; Staehli, M. E.; Joye, D.
- Evaluating a Modular Design Approach to Collecting Survey Data Using Text Messages ; 2016; West, B. T.; Ghimire, D.; Axinn, W.
- Reaching the Mobile Generation: Reducing Web Survey Non-response through SMS Reminders ; 2016; Kanitkar, K. N.; Marlar, J.
- Safety First: Ensuring the Anonymity and Privacy of Iranian Panellists’ While Creating Iran...; 2016; Farmanesh, A.; Mohseni, E.
- Non-Observation Bias in an Address-Register-Based CATI/CAPI Mixed Mode Survey; 2016; Lipps, O.
- Web surveys for offline rural communities ; 2016; Gichohi, B. W.
- On-line life history calendar and sensitive topics: A pilot study; 2016; Morselli, D.; Berchtold, A.; Granell, J.-C. S.; Berchtold, And.
- An experiment comparing grids and item-by-item formats in web surveys completed through PCs and smartphones...; 2016; Revilla, M.; Toninelli, D.; Ochoa, C.
- Improving Inpatient Surveys: Web-Based Computer Adaptive Testing Accessed via Mobile Phone QR Codes; 2016; Chien, T. S.; Lin, W.S.
- Pre-Survey Text Messages (SMS) Improve Participation Rate in an Australian Mobile Telephone Survey:...; 2016; Dal Grande, E.; Chittleborough, C. R.; Campostrini, S.; Dollard, M.; Taylor, A. W.
- Short and Sweet? Length and Informative Content of Open-Ended Responses Using SMS as a Research Mode; 2016; Walsh, E.; Brinker, J. K.
- Mixing modes of data collection in Swiss social surveys: Methodological report of the LIVES-FORS mixed...; 2016; Roberts, C.; Joye, D.; Staehli, M. E.
- What is the gain in a probability-based online panel to provide Internet access to sampling units that...; 2016; Revilla, M.; Cornilleau, A.; Cousteaux, A-S.; Legleye, S; de Pedraza, P.